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Spread Forex Z Exchange Nl Same-Sex Love and Desire in Chinese Historicalm Fiction - ColorQ Articles Etc

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1. 《弁而钗》和《林兰香》里的“情”与同性恋
2. 《弁而钗》和《林兰香》里的“情”与同性恋
3. 《弁而钗》和《林兰香》里的“情”与同性恋
4. For the full text of 名著在线 - 《林兰香》

回目录

1.4.《无声戏·男孟母教合三迁》 A Virtuous Male Mother Moves Three Times For His Son's Education

男孟母教合三迁 is the sixth short story in 李渔's 无声戏 collection.¹ Li Yu, who lived during the late Ming/early Qing era, is a well-known author and playwright.² The tale is set in Fujian, specifically 嘉靖末年福建兴化府莆田县. A handsome young scholar 许葳 Xu Wei had no love for women, but nevertheless married a woman to produce a son. After his wife passed away, Xu Wei went to attend a temple gathering of hundreds of men and boys. The men were there to vote for the most beautiful boy. A teenager named 瑞郎 Rui Lang was agreed by all to be the most beautiful, but nobody could pay the high 'bride price' set by 瑞郎's father. ³

Xu Wei and Rui Lang become acquainted and fall in love. Xu Wei sold all his property so he could marry Rui Lang. The couple got along very well - “如鱼得水，似漆投胶“. Later, as Rui Lang grew older, his desires began to turn towards women. Rui Lang decided to castrate himself so that his relationship with Xu Wei could remain unchanged. He changed his name from 瑞郎 to 瑞娘. News of the castration came to the ears of the magistrate who had Xu Wei brought before the court for allegedly castrating the boy. Rui Lang came forward to take responsibility for the deed, but both the magistrate and his subordinates held a jealous grudge against Xu Wei for being the one who gained the much-coveted Rui Lang. Xu Wei was severely beaten in the courthouse and died shortly after.

After Xu Wei's death, Rui Lang played the role of faithful widow and mother, raising Xu Wei's son from his previous marriage. Rui Lang disguised himself as a woman, and moved away with the child Chengxian 承先. When Chengxian grew into a handsome lad, both his classmates and teacher began to make passes at him. Concerned, Rui Lang pulled him out of the school and found him another teacher - a very old man. Unfortunately, not long after, the local county magistrate took a fancy to Chengxian and came to offer a bride price for him. Rui Lang, wanting to shield his stepson from unwanted sexual involvement, once again had to move to another locale...

Notes:

1. Full text is available online at 男孟母教合三遷
2. 李渔纪念馆
3. It was a custom for Fujian men to 'marry' a teenage boy. The union would dissolve when the boy reaches majority and takes a wife. See 契兄、契弟、契友、契父、契子─《孫八救人得福》的歷史民俗背景解讀

回目录

1.5. 《笠翁十种曲·怜香伴》 Cherishing a Fragrant Companion

《怜香伴》 is a play written by the late-Ming/early-QIng scholar Li Yu 李渔. Cherishing a Fragrant Companion is the story of a young married woman 崔笺云 Cui Jianyun who meets an intelligent young woman Cao Yuhua 曹语花 while visiting a temple. The two fell in love. Jianyun made a vow to Yuhua to find a way for Jianyun's husband to marry Yuhua as a second wife, so that the two women could be together for life.¹ 《怜香伴》 is still performed today as an opera.²

Notes:

1. 中国古代女子怪异的性生活探秘
2. 中国京剧音配像精粹

回目录

1.6. 《明武宗外记》 The Unauthorized Biography of Emperor Wu of Ming

清代毛奇龄 Mao Qiling of the Qing Dynasty wrote about the amorous adventures of Wuzhong, the famous playboy Emperor of the preceding Ming Dynasty in 《明武宗外记》:¹

宫中六局者，有尚寝者，司上寝处事，而文书房内官，每记上幸宿所在及所幸宫嫔年月，以俟稽考；上悉令除却省记注，掣去尚寝诸所司事，遂遍游宫中，日率小黄门为抵蹋麹之戏，随所驻辄饮宿不返，其入中宫及东西两宫，月不过四五日。 ... 帝在豹房常醉枕宁卧，百官候朝至晡，莫得帝，起居密伺宁，宁来则知驾将出矣。

...The scribes of the Inner Palace recorded the dates on which the Emperor visited the Imperial Wives... In the daytime, he led the eunuchs around, playing games. Following that, he would drink and sleep with them, not returning (to the harem). The Emperor did not visit his wives more than 4 or 5 days a month... The Emperor often lay drunk on Qian Ning (an eunuch) in the Leopard Room, using him as a pillow. The courtiers would wait for the emperor to show up at court well into the afternoon, but he would not come. The emperor's daily activities were closely tied with Qian Ning's. When Qian Ning arrived, it was known that the Emperor would soon appear.

Notes:

1. 从皇帝到庶民的男风

回目录

1.7. 《儒林外史》 The Confucianist Scholars

《儒林外史》 by 吴敬梓 Wu Jingzi is a satirical novel about the ills and hypocrisies of the scholar class.¹ In Wu's world, learned men could be treacherous and despicable, but not all his characters are uniformly evil. 杜少卿（杜仪） Du Shaoqing is one of the few positive characters - while he is foolish with his financial resources, he stands out from the rest as a scholar who is generous to others and who chooses to pursue the sublime things in life instead of the vainglory of officialdom. His cousin　杜慎卿（杜倩） Du Shenqing while less high-minded, is more capable of minding his resources. 杜慎卿 is also the famous woman-hater/boy-lover of The Confucianist Scholars. In Chapter 30, when a friend congratulates Shenqing on his plan to take a seventeen year old female as a minor wife,² Shenqing replies:

这也为嗣续大计，无可奈何，不然，我做这样事怎的？...我太祖高皇帝云：‘我若不是妇人生，天下妇人都杀尽！’妇人那有一个好的？小弟性情，是和妇人隔着三间屋就闻见他的臭气。

This is to ensure the continuation of the family line. I have no other choice. If I have other options, would I do such a thing? ... As our founding emperor Taizhu said, 'If I had not been born of a woman, I would slay all the women under heaven!' Is there a single good person among women? It is my nature to notice the stink of a woman even if she is three houses away.

The friend 季苇萧 Li Weixiao tried to defend heterosexual relationships: “人情无过男女，方才吾兄说非是所好。”, but Du replied:

难道人情只有男女么？朋友之情，更胜于男女！你不看别的，只有鄂君绣被的故事。

How can it be said that the only worthy feelings are between men and women? The love between friends is better than the relations between men and women. All you have to look at is the story of The Lord of E and his Embroidered Blanket. ³

Li then asked Du if he had sought male companionship in the Pear Garden 梨园, that is, among actors in opera troupes.⁴ Du said:

比如要在梨园中求，便是爱女色的要于青楼中求一个情种，岂不大错？这事要相遇子心腹之间，相感于形骸之外，方是天下第一等人...

For me to seek what I want among male actors/sex workers can be compared to heterosexual men seeking true love in a brothel. Isn't this the wrong approach? When an individual can attain a meeting of the hearts and a mutual affection beyond mere physical attraction, then that is an individual of the highest caliber under heaven.

Seeing Du's obsession, Li decided to play a practical joke on him. He tricked Du into journeying to a faraway temple by telling him a handsome young Taoist priest lived there. It turned out the young Taoist priest did not exist, and only an old ugly priest dwelt there. Du came back frustrated but laughed off the prank. Later, after Du married the girl, the scholars Du and Li go out to enjoy to company of male actors, bringing along Du's new brother-in-law. Apparently, Du found the boy more attractive than his sister, from this description of Du's first meeting with his brother-in-law:

他向杜慎卿见礼。杜慎卿拉住了，细看他时，果然标致，他姐姐着实不如他。

He bowed to Du Shenqing. Du grabbed a hold of him and took a good look. He found the boy to be indeed handsome, his older sister truly was no match for him in looks.

An English translation of 'The Scholars' is also available in print. (We have not reviewed this book, and make no claims as to whether the homosexual overtones were preserved in translation.)

Notes:

1. 《儒林外史 》 online: 第三十回　爱少俊访友神乐观　逞风流高会莫愁湖
2. If a man's wife is of a much lower social class, she would usually be considered a minor wife, and not the principal/'first' wife, even if the man was not previously married.
3. The Lord of E responded to the serenading of a male admirer by covering him with his embroidered blanket. See 中国古代同性恋排行榜
4. The world of the opera troupes and their patrons was a hotbed of male homosexuality. See 中国十大禁书 .

回目录

1.8. 《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions

Cao Xueqin's novel 《红楼梦》, while famous for its heterosexual couples, also contain numerous references to both male-male and female-female erotic or romantic relationships.¹ The protagonist Baoyu has a subtle relationship with his kinsman and friend Qin Zhong. In Chapter 9, the two boys are described as having a very close friendship which caused much gossip among their classmates.

自次后，二人同来同往，同起同坐，愈加亲密。...因他二人又这般亲厚，也怨不得那起同窗人起了嫌疑之念：背地里你言我语，诟谇谣诼，布满书房内外。

More hints are dropped in Chapter 15, in which Baoyu discovers Qin Zhong's failed seduction of a young Buddhist nun, he says, "When we go to bed, I'll take an accounting with you." The author adds cryptically, "As to how Baoyu and Qin Zhong 'took an accounting', I have not seen it. So I do not dare to speculate on this mystery."

秦钟笑道：‘好哥哥，你只别嚷，你要怎么着都使的。’宝玉笑道：‘这会子也不用说，等一会儿睡下咱们再慢慢儿的算帐。却不知宝玉和秦钟如何算帐，未见真切，此系疑案，不敢创纂。

There are more than 10 characters involved in homoerotic/romantic interactions in the novel. ² Two female actresses regard each other as husband and wife; Baoyu's cousin Xue Pan makes crude passes at a handsome male actor; Feng's husband relieves himself using the page boy when his wife is not around.

A number of English translations of this Chinese classic are also available in print. (We have not reviewed these publications, and make no claims as to whether the homoerotic aspects were preserved in translation.)

Notes:

1. 《红楼梦》同志谱
2. 《红楼梦》在线阅读

回目录

1. Ming Era Literature